PFAS-PFOS

PFAS and PFOS

What are PFAS and PFOS in Water?

PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances) and PFOS (perfluoro octane sulfonate) are a group of synthetic chemicals used in a wide range of industrial and consumer products, including nonstick cookware, waterproof clothing, firefighting foam, and stain-resistant coatings. These chemicals are known for repelling water, oil, and grease, and they have been used for decades in various products.

PFAS and PFOS are persistent, meaning they do not break down easily in the environment and can accumulate in the body over time. These chemicals are emerging contaminants, as they have only recently been identified as potential human and environmental exposure sources. PFAS and PFOS can enter the water through the release of industrial waste or the use of products that contain these chemicals. They can also be found in certain types of water treatment chemicals.

The levels of PFAS and PFOS in water are typically measured in parts per billion (ppb) or micrograms per liter (µg/L). The maximum contaminant level (MCL) for PFAS in drinking water has not been established, but the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has established a lifetime health advisory level of 70 ppb for two specific types of PFAS (PFOS and PFOA).

Symptoms of PFAS and PFOS in Water

PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances) and PFOS (perfluoro octane sulfonate) are generally not detectable by humans, as they do not have any noticeable taste, smell, or appearance.

However, exposure to high levels of PFAS and PFOS can have adverse health effects, including an increased risk of cancer, liver damage, immune system problems, and developmental and reproductive effects.

Symptoms of PFAS and PFOS exposure may include changes in liver function, changes in thyroid hormone levels, and changes in cholesterol levels. Other potential health effects of PFAS and PFOS exposure may include increased risk of high blood pressure, kidney cancer, testicular cancer, pregnancy-induced hypertension, and pre-term delivery.

It is important to regularly test your water for PFAS and PFOS to ensure that it meets safe and acceptable levels. If you are concerned about the levels of these chemicals in your water, it is important to have it tested and, if necessary, implement appropriate treatment methods to remove or reduce the concentration of PFAS and PFOS in the water. If you suspect your water may contain high levels of PFAS or PFOS, you should seek medical attention immediately.

Treatment of PFAS and PFOS in Water

Two methods for treating PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances) and PFOS (perfluoro octane sulfonate) in water are granular activated carbon (GAC) and reverse osmosis.

• GAC is a type of activated carbon made from various materials, such as coal, wood, or coconut shell. GAC is highly porous and has a large surface area, which makes it effective at adsorbing a wide range of contaminants, including PFAS and PFOS. When water is passed through a bed of GAC, the PFAS and PFOS molecules are attracted to the surface of the carbon and are adsorbed, or removed, from the water. GAC can effectively remove PFAS and PFOS from water, but it may require frequent regeneration or replacement to maintain its effectiveness.

• Reverse osmosis is a process that involves forcing water through a membrane that is designed to remove specific contaminants, such as PFAS and PFOS. The membrane is made of a thin layer of a semipermeable material, which allows water molecules to pass through but blocks larger molecules and contaminants. Reverse osmosis can effectively remove PFAS and PFOS from water, but it requires a high-pressure pump and a special membrane filter to operate properly.

The best method for treating these chemicals will depend on the specific circumstances and the levels of PFAS and PFOS in the water. It is also important to regularly test your water to ensure that it meets safe and acceptable levels of PFAS and PFOS and to make any necessary adjustments to your treatment system. A Penguin Water Systems certified water specialist can assist you in determining the most effective method for removing these compounds from your water. These specialists have the knowledge and expertise to assess your water's specific characteristics and recommend the most appropriate treatment method based on your unique needs. They can help you identify the best method for addressing these compounds in your water and ensure that it is safe and high-quality. By working with a certified water specialist, you can be confident that you are making an informed decision about your water treatment and that you are taking the necessary steps to address any water quality issues you may have.